Jayapala killed himself and was succeeded by his son anandapala. Mahmud was reputedly so impressed, that he ordered a house built for the poet alongside his own palace. Excavations have revealed religious artifacts of both hindu and buddhist traditions. Historians reveal shocking facts about muslim ruler mahmud. Mahmud of ghazni started out in the world as a constant. These heroes include muhammad bin qasim, mahmud ghazni. Mahmud of ghazni, the muslim ruler from between 998 and 1030, conquered. Ghazni was a thriving buddhist center before and during the 7th century ad. Read translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. Verse to mahmud of ghazni wikisource, the free online. He inherited the small state of ghazni from his father subuktigin, and turned it into an empire that lasted for about a century. For over four decades, marxist historians have dominated writing of history books. Masud now began aiming to once and for all conquer transoxania from alitegin and to give it to qadir khans second son, who was his own brotherin.
Many pieces are missing but the main story, the skeleton, has been defined. Band e sardeh dam is located in andar district near the border with paktika province. In 1037, the capital ghazni was plundered by the seljuks. After mahmud s death, toghrul i invaded ghazni and broke off the whole western part of the ghaznavid empire after inflicting a crushing defeat on the ghaznavid ruler masud i at the battle of dandanaqan in 1040.
With the current administration they have returned to ghazni city. Jun 10, 2016 it lies on the important kabulkandahar highway, and has historically functioned as an important trade center. Malik ayazs relationship with mahmud inspired many cultural ballads, poems, and stories. The highway from kabul to ghazni, and from ghazni heading further south, was closed on friday. Rewriting history and mahmud ghaznavi kashmir herald. Arab hegemony gave way to renewed persian predominance, which continued until ad 998, when mahmud of ghazni. People born on november 2 fall under the zodiac sign of scorpio, the scorpion. The ghazni airport is located next to the city of ghazni and provides limited domestic flights to afghanistans capital, kabul. Born in 979, mahmud became the sultan of ghazni in 998. Subuktgin the father of mehmud had also attacked jaipal but war ended a draw. Originally published in 1931, this book presents a historical account regarding the life and times of mahmud of ghazni. Mahmud of ghazni mahmud of ghazni 9711030 was the first sultan of the ghaznavid dynasty in afghanistan. He turned the former provincial city of ghazni into the rich capital of an extensive empire which included modernday afghanistan, most of iran, and parts of northwest india including modernday pakistan.
In 994 mahmood joined his father in the conquest of ghazni for samanid ruler, it was the time of instability for samanid empire. This worried the people of ghazni city about the water supply. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent, khwarazm in transoxiana, makran. He conquered the eastern portions of the persian empire including, modern afghanistan, and the northwestern indian subcontinent modern pakistan from 997 to. Mahmud of ghazni celebrity biography, zodiac sign and. Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. A bust of subedar devi singh, first recipient of the indian. History of attacks of sultan mahmud ghaznavi on indian subcontinent. Subuktigin died in 997, and after a brief struggle his son, known to history as mahmud of ghazni, succeeded him. Its not just the number of people lost during ghazni.
The bombay sappers celebrate ghazni day each year on 28 february while the bengal sappers incorporated the tower of ghazni in their war memorial constructed at roorkee from 1911 to 19. Mahmud of ghazni was the most successful ruler of ghaznavid empire, which included parts of modern afghanistan, iran, and northwestern india. His first attack was against king jaipal of sindh and punjab. Mahmud of ghazni s love for his slave ayaz has been penned down by many in history. The story of the raid has reverberated in indian history, but largely during the raj. In 999, abdul malik ii, who succeeded nuh ii broke his alliance with ghazni and attacked mahmuds forces stationed in khorasan.
He is considered to be the first ruler with the title of sultan. At the same time, the karakhanids invaded bukhara from the north and beseieged the city. Early life of mahmud of ghazni mahmud was born on the first of november 971 a. It was all due to the success and achievements of mahmud. As a person born on this date, mahmud of ghazni is listed in our database as the 20th most popular celebrity for the day november 2.
Taliban attack strategic afghan city of ghazni bbc news. Iranian historythe later ghaznavids and the seljuqs. At the time of sabugtagin, raja of northern india named jaypal had attacked on ghazni for two times. We hope someone with the necessary scholarship can enlighten us on this. In 998ad mahmood took control of the ghazni and also conquered qandahar. Mahmud of ghazni simple english wikipedia, the free. While he acknowledged the abbasids as caliph as a matter of form, he was also granted the title sultan as recognition of his independence. He transformed his capital, ghazna, into a cultural centre rivalling baghdad. Read translation of the tarikhisultan mahmud ighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. He had taken part in all of his fathers campaigns against jaipal, and knew the weakness of the indian armies as well as the riches of the kings and temples. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan, pakistan, and. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for. He transformed his capital, ghazna modern ghazni, afghanistan, into a cultural centre.
In 2007, one of the gates on a fiftyyearold dam on the jikhai river broke. Mahmud of ghazni was the first ruler who invaded deep into india. Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history. The total estimation of the hindu and sikhs in afghanistan is about 500, to families which mostly live in main cites such as kabul, jalalabad, ghazni, kandahar. The empire originally constituted of modern afghanistan, northeastern iran and eventually northwestern india now pakistan. Mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from 999 to 1030. Ghazni became the seat of power of islam and the centre of its progress in culture including education, scholarship and fine arts. In 1026, sultan mahmud of ghazni raided the hindu temple of somanatha somnath in textbooks of the colonial period. Ghazni is still feted as a major feat of arms by both groups of engineers, which still exist today. Mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the turkic dynasty of ghaznavids, ruling. Ghazni the name meaning jewel is an ancient city with a rich history. Mahmud of ghazni is the 885th most popular scorpio.
In the name of islam, he conquered the eastern iranian lands, the afghan tribal areas. In this article, let us focus on how mahmud ghaznavi is portrayed in history books written for indian school children and what his contemporary and other muslim. Buy translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or. Historians reveal shocking facts about muslim ruler mahmud of. Brilliant and ambitious, mahmud at once turned his attention to india. It creates a large water reservoir that is important to the irrigation of. Mahmuds son masud succeeded him on the formers death in 1030. November 2 971 april 30 1030, also known as yamin aldawlah ma. About twentyseven years have passed since this book was written. Mahmud ghazni and the romani diaspora in the early 11th century ce, after overthrowing the ruling arab caliphate in the late 10th century, a turkishmuslim dynasty arose in what is now afghanistan called the ghaznavid empire once established, these ghaznavids began raiding into india under their leader mahmud ghazni at the beginning of the 11th. Tahqiqihind, shahnama and tarikhisabuktagin, were the finest speciment of history and literature during his times.
While we have believed, as have most school and college students of indian history, that there were 17 invasions, some say there were 14. Sultan of the kingdom of ghazna 9981030, originally comprising modern afghanistan and northeastern modern iran but, through his conquests, eventually including northwestern india and most of iran. Faced with a desperate situation, abdul malik ii fled the city. Buy translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi.
The city was completely destroyed by the saffarids in 869 and a substantial portion of the local population including hindus and buddhists were converted to islam by mahmood of ghazni. Mahmud, a turkish chieftain of ghazni i aghanistan, award of his strength and influence, destroyed these kingdoms one after the other and united the whole of eastern iran into the ghaznavid empire and adopted persian culture, language and traditions. The rest will follow through future resesrch and the former mythology and. The condition of india at the time of the invasions of mahmud 3. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the. Jun 16, 2016 malik ayaz, son of aymaq abunnajm, was a georgian slave who found himself the rank of officer and general in the army of sultan mahmud of ghazni. Buy translation of the tarikhisultan mahmud ighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. But, in the history of india, mahmud was a fanatic sunni muslim, a barbaric foreign bandit, a plunderer and wanton destroyer of fine arts. Ghazni is one of the most important and central provinces of afghanistan.
At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent, khwarazm in transoxiana, and makran. Buy translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. He emerged successful in breaking up the armed forces of the hindu rulers and plundered enormous wealth from india. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of ghazni into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which included modern. Mehmud of ghazni plundered india 17 times and he attacked different indian rulers. The dam serves as a good source of irrigation water to ghazni city and the surrounding agricultural areas. The two other great buddhist centers, fondukistan and tepeesardar ghazni in its later phase are a very different matter and display another phase of influences coming from. Ghazni city is located in an area of extreme drought. In 1039, the seljuks launched another raid into ghaznavid territory.
Mahmud of ghazni was married to a woman named kausari jahan and had twin sons mohammad and masud, who succeeded him one after the other, while his grandson by masud, mawdud ghaznavi was also ruler of the empire but many of 18th century books nullify such claims. In 999, abdul malik ii, who succeeded nuh ii broke his alliance with ghazni and attacked mahmud s forces stationed in khorasan. Mahmud of ghazni november 2, 971 april 30, 1030, turk. A concise biography of sultan mahmud ghaznavi is written. Mahmud of ghazna is important in islamic history because his actions set the tone for the interaction between the world of islam and the world. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Sultan mahmud ghaznavi life history history books, history, life.
He ruled for a decade during which he witnessed the empire fall apart. The actions of one person in any age cause ripples that affect the lives of thousands who live downstream. Mahmud of ghazni paperback july 30, 1981 by rashid haroun author see all formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Though not an indian figure, the persona of mahmud of ghazni 997 1030 ce is of immense importance to the contours of indian history. A new look at our romani origins and diaspora by ronald lee. In discovery of india nehru described about invasions of timur as. Tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni by firishtah, muhammad qasim hindu. He fought his first war against the ghaznavids on behalf of the karakhanids in 1025 but was defeated by mahmud ghaznavi. Some sikhs and hindus also live in ghazni province. The province is second grade based on the statistics of central statistic office cso of afghanistan for the density of population.
Mahmud defeated, captured, and later released the shahi ruler jayapala, who had moved his capital to peshawar modern pakistan. During the preislamic period, the area was inhabited by various. Mahmud of ghazni was the ruler of the ghaznavi dynasty which claims its origin from the family of persian rulers. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmud ighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. In ad 652, afghanistan fell to the conquering arabs who brought with them islam. Did mahmud of ghazni really kill 80 million hindus and. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for an. November 2, 971 april 30, 1030, real name yamin addawlah abdulqa.
Persianized, mahmud continued the bureaucratic and cultural customs of his. The sultan mahmud loved books and honored learned men. Islamic influence had gone moribund in the conquered areas by. Mahmud ghaznavi attacked bukhara to punish the king. Mahmood ghazni was the son of abu mansur sabuktigin, who was a turkish slave soldier of the samanid ruler. Mahmud of ghazna is important in islamic history because his actions set the tone for the interaction between the world of islam and the world of the hindus. Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history thoughtco. A zealous sunni moslem, he plundered wealthy india and used the booty to patronize culture in ghazni, making it the center of persoislamic civilization. Text books and history mahmud of ghazni somnath temple mahmud ghazni mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from 999 to 1030. When sultan mahmud ghaznavi succeeded his father at the age of 26, jaypal attacked ghazni for third time. Also check ghajini videos, photos, wallpapers on filmibeat.
Mahmud of ghazni news newspapers books scholar jstor september 2015 learn. Jul 02, 20 though not an indian figure, the persona of mahmud of ghazni 997 1030 ce is of immense importance to the contours of indian history. Biography of mahmud ghazni character and personality. Detailed information is given on mahmuds seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their geographical setting. The dynasty was founded by sabuktigin upon his succession to rule of the region of ghazna after the death of his fatherinlaw, alp. While history books remain one of the most popular genres sold at. What kingdom did mahmud of ghazni plunder 17 times. In 1001 mahmud of ghazni first invaded modern day afghanistan and pakistan and then parts of india. Background profile of ghazni pajhwok election site. Srivastava has remarked, mahmood was a cultured patron of scholarship and art. Ghazni is located in 33 degree, 33 min of north latitude and in 68 degree, 25 min of the east. The textbook for the higher standard examination book online at best prices in india on.
It was first depicted as a trauma for the hindu population not in india, but in the house of commons. He was a brave man and use to take part in all the battles his forces fought. Mahmud of ghazni, under his reign the region broke away from the samanid sphere of influence. Various reasons have been given by historians which resulted. Rewriting history and mahmud ghaznavi vinod kumar ever since the bharatiya janata party bjp headed coalition came to power in delhi, rewriting of history has been a contentious issue. Mahmud of ghaznis love for his slave ayaz has been penned down by many in history.
A new look at our romani origins and diaspora by ronald. The attack comes as pressure continues on the taliban to. Ghazni history, from 683 ad, when the arab armies brought islam to the area and attempted to conquer the capital of ghazni, but the local tribes fiercely resisted. Mahmud of ghazni was a famous person, who was born on november 2, 971. Utbis history is generally called alyamini after mahmuds moniker. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the. The kitabiiyamini, historical memoirs of the amir sabaktagin and. The heritage of ghazni and bukhara columbia university.
He turned the former provincial city of ghazni into the rich capital of an extensive empire which included modernday afghanistan, most of iran, and parts of northwest. Ghazni citadel, the minarets of ghazni, the palace of sultan masud iii and several other cultural heritage sites have brought travellers and archeologists to the city for centuries, and in 20, isesco declared ghazni the years islamic capital of culture. When he believed he had not been fairly rewarded for the poem, he wrote the response to mahmud of ghazni. Ghazni province simple english wikipedia, the free. Mahmud of ghazni november 971 30 april 1030, also known as mahmudi zabuli, was the most prominent ruler of the ghaznavid empire. An estimate of mahmuds character and achievements 4. The most remarkable event in the history of medieval iran was the rise of the ghaznavid empire. A historical narrative states in this battle, under the onslaught of the gakhars, mahmuds army was about to.
Aside from his numerous conquests of india and extending his empire, mahmud is known for developing the city of ghazni into a cultural center of the entire region. Ghazni simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture. Ghazni province simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Find information about mahmud ghazni s invasions of india, its venue, year, reasons, winner, loser and aftermath of the battles.